Dongdaemun is Seoul’s, well, soul. It is noisy with the sound of tinny music and excited chatter, always crowded, concrete and congested, and smells of hotdogs and diesel exhaust. But it is also fun. Dongdaemun is not so much a market (although if it were, it would surely be the biggest in the world), as a whole city district of interconnected markets, mind-boggling in its vastness.
The action fills up several mini-skyscraper multilevel buildings, burrows underground into arcades that snake out of its two subway stations, and flows into surrounding streets in all directions. Merchants, wholesalers, intellectual property pirates and shoppers converge here to buy and sell clothes and fabrics in the main part of the market, as well as a whole range of highly specialised and shadowy ‘side markets’.
It is a round-the-clock phenomenon that has to be visited at least twice – once in the day and once in the night – to do it justice.
The market is named after the famous “East Gate”, one of the city’s most iconic landmarks although currently under wraps for renovations. (This is a shame because the other famous city gate at Namdaemun is not on display either at the moment, having been burned down by some arsonist asshole in 2008).
From the old Dongdaemun city gate on warm weekends, a plant and flower market spreads up the shabby main street of Seoul, Jong-no, with stalls selling rhododendron plants in pots, orchids and bonsais, herbs and occassionally squirrels in little cages or glazed ceramic pots. When I was there though, in the dead of winter, it was much diminished.
Walking in the other direction is the pet market with its streets of goldfish and snapping turtles and occasionally cute little hedgehogs, and then the stationary market with its mounds of wholesale stickers and glittery pens.
Here, the market is dissected by what was once a freeway and is now the Cheonggye stream (see below) . Crossing over this, the crowds thicken and the commerce reaches a screaming climax in the ApM and Migliore malls, towers packed full of stalls and boutiques, with 24 hour cinemas and customers around the clock.
On the corner of the Cheonggye stream and this main strip is a little magazine market. A couple of stores sell an amazing stash of fashion magazines from around the world – Japan especially but also Europe, the USA and of course Korea. I used to come here all the time for a touch of glamour – so often missing in grey, gritty Seoul – but in my youth I never realised its main purpose. Fashion pirates come here to flick through magazines and choose pages to show to their Dongdaemun suppliers, ready to whip up low cost immitations of the latest trends as factory samples.
The main stretch of Dongdaemun is a cacophony of pressing bodies, gaudy clothes and the smell of Korean snacks. There is nothing classy about it – its cheap, fast fashion. Although you do find occassional gems, for the most part the clothes here are fun and more or less disposable.
My favourite part of the market was tucked away in a little corner of Dongdaemun. In my day it was behind a second-rate baseball stadium, lined with stalls selling 1970s Korean motorcycle jackets. Now, in a sign of Seoul’s upgraded aspirations, this has been converted into a Zaha Hadid “design centre”, currently under construction.
Here is a smaller pocket of multilevel buildings, the nocurnal wholesale malls. These operate from 10pm to 10am. Inside, all night long, the cramped floorspace is subdivided into stalls and the floor littered with plastic wrapping. Piles of garments block the fire exits, and vendors chat or sit wearily while eagle-eyed shoppers circulate. One of the malls here, ApM (not to be confused with the larger Hello ApM mall on the main strip) was my favourite place for cheap, funky mens’ clothes; it had lots of cute Tshirts and interesting Korean-designed tops. I would go every week before clubbing, buy a Tshirt, wear it out and more often than not, watch it fall apart in the wash the next week. Yet some of my most treasured Tshirts, to this day, I got here.
I have no recollection of how I discovered the place, it is not exactly easy to find.
On the way back to rediscover the mall, I looked out for a familiar landmark, the blue neon-flashing Nuzzon building. For many years this was covered with a billboard of Kate Moss and played the 1980s Ghostbuster theme at all hours of the night. Yet for all its eagerly projected fun and glamour and flashing lights, the building always struck me as sinister, an Orwellian Ministry of Style. Its harried, tired-looking vendors, trying to warm themselves with their instant noodles under harsh fluorescent lights at 3am, were a reminder that for most of its employees, the global textile industry is nothing but a hard, thankless slog.
I searched around here for the junior ApM; only to find it gone, or at least renamed. Most of the malls here no longer sold mens’ clothes at all.
Another interesting branch of the market follows the Cheonggye stream Westwards. If you follow it, you come to a neighbourhood of super-specialised shops that sell not fashion, but individual components for the fashion trade. There are whole shops full of buttons, or zips, or ribbons and mounds of mannequins, and streams of fur fluttering out of street trees where they have been left to hang. After this you soon come to a cluster of lighting stores and then, in a dank warren of alleyways under a freeway, a Blade Runner-ish electronics market. Circuit boards and semiconductors are traded in scruffy,dimly lit family businesses totally at odds with their high tech gleam.
Dongdaemun had one last surprise for me too. A new immigrant district, named Russiatown, has sprung up in an alleyway near the former stadium. Here, a despondent-looking community of Russian-speaking traders gathers. Some are from Russia itself but most hail from the Central Asian republics – Uzbekhistan and Kazahkstan. They are in Seoul to buy for their import businesses. There is also a ten-storey building of small shops and businesses aimed at Mongolian traders. Cyrillic writing peeps out of signs for “Mokba mart” supermarket or shashlik restaurants.
Dongdaemun’s tentacles are spreading ever further.